Solar Photovoltaic Cell Basics
There are a variety of different semiconductor materials used in solar photovoltaic cells. Learn more about the most commonly-used materials.
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These sleek and unassuming arrays of photovoltaic cells have a complex engineering foundation, seamlessly converting sunlight into electricity. At the heart of a solar panel lies the principle of photovoltaics. Photovoltaic cells, often referred to as PV cells or solar cells, are the workhorses of solar panels.
A photovoltaic cell is the most critical part of a solar panel that allows it to convert sunlight into electricity. The two main types of solar cells are monocrystalline and polycrystalline. The "photovoltaic effect" refers to the conversion of solar energy to electrical energy.
The photovoltaic effect starts with sunlight striking a photovoltaic cell. Solar cells are made of a semiconductor material, usually silicon, that is treated to allow it to interact with the photons that make up sunlight.
PV cells are electrically connected in a packaged, weather-tight PV panel (sometimes called a module). PV panels vary in size and in the amount of electricity they can produce. Electricity-generating capacity for PV panels increases with the number of cells in the panel or in the surface area of the panel.
There are a variety of different semiconductor materials used in solar photovoltaic cells. Learn more about the most commonly-used materials.
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The photovoltaic effect is a complicated process, but these three steps are the basic way that energy from the sun is converted into usable electricity by solar cells in solar panels. A PV cell is
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