The panels were installed at a minimum height of 2.5 m, with a vertical projection ratio (total vertical projection area of PV modules over the farmland area they covered) of 53.3%. The arrays were mounted on structural supports, including precast concrete piles, and tilted at an angle of 24°.
Increasing the height of the PV panels altered the distribution of solar radiation within the system; as the height rose to 3.9 m, soil temperature in the middle area gradually decreased, while that in the northern and southern areas increased.
With increasing PV panel installation height, air temperature non-uniformity significantly decreased from 5.87 × 10 –3 to 1.28 × 10 –3, representing a 78.2% reduction. This decline was primarily attributed to reduced overall light penetration within the APV systems as the PV panel height increased.
Thus, optimizing PV panel height presented a viable approach to enhancing the microclimate within APV systems, achieving a dynamic equilibrium between agricultural productivity and renewable energy utilization.
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