The purpose of NFPA 855 is to establish clear and consistent fire safety guidelines for energy storage systems, which include both stationary and mobile systems that store electrical energy.
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1.1 The test methodology in this standard determines the capability of a battery technology to undergo thermal runaway and then evaluates the fire and explosion hazard characteristics of those battery
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However, storing and managing energy—especially lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)—presents unique fire and life safety challenges. To mitigate risks, a range of codes and standards guide the design,
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Every energy storage project integrated into our electrical grid strives to meet and exceed national fire protection standards that are frequently updated to incorporate best practices, safety features, and
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In this report, fire hazards associated with lead acid batteries are identified both from a review of incidents involving them and from available fire test information.
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Document fire and deflagration hazards. Document thermal runaway progression within the unit, Document if flaming occurs outside the unit, Measure heat and gas generation rates, Measure
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Standards for energy storage systems and equipment: charging and discharging procedures, fire protection, and test methods for BESS. First edition 2016, current edition revised 2025.
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The table below, which summarizes information from a 2019 Fire Protection Research Foundation (FPRF) report, “Sprinkler Protection Guidance for Lithium-Ion Based Energy Storage Systems,”
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Released by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), it outlines the minimum safety requirements for installing battery storage across commercial, industrial, and utility-scale settings.
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While NFPA 855 is a standard and not a code, its provisions are enforced by NFPA 1, Fire Code, in which Chapter 52 outlines requirements, along with references to specific sections in NFPA 855.
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