Energy consumption accounts for 40 % of the operating costs of WWTPs . The energy consumption of sewage treatment includes aeration energy consumption and pumping energy consumption. Aeration energy consumption refers to the energy consumed by aerating the aerobic tank when treating biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) matter in sewage.
For metropolitan wastewater, the benchtop investigation produced standardized net energy of 25.96 kWh m −3 d −1 71. The net energy of a 1000-L pilot-scale framework with a cathodic surface area of 18.1 m 2 m −3 was determined to be 2.11 kWh m −3 d −1 for vineyard wastewater 72.
A review on future wastewater treatment technologies: micro-nanobubbles, hybrid electro-Fenton processes, photocatalytic fuel cells, and microbial fuel cells. Water Sci. Technol. 85, 319–341 (2022). Lui, G., Jiang, G., Fowler, M., Yu, A. & Chen, Z. A high performance wastewater-fed flow-photocatalytic fuel cell. J. Power Sources 425, 69–75 (2019).
This review provides an overview of the waste (water)-based energy-extracting technologies, their engineering performance, techno-economic feasibility, and environmental benefits.
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