Stand-Alone System - Since there is no battery to store electrical energy, energy is used immediately. Common applications are direct power to DC loads, water pumping and telecommunications. With an inverter it can also power AC loads. This system only works when. . There are two main types of solar energy technologies—photovoltaics (PV) and concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP). It also. . The electric grid—an interconnected system illustrated in Figure 1—maintains an instantaneous balance between supply and demand (generation and load) while moving electricity from generation source to customer. The heat from solar ponds enables the production of chemicals, food, textiles, warm greenhouses, swimming pools, and livestock buildings. Cooking and providing a power source for electronic devices can also be achieved by. . If consumers are connected to the utility grid, excess power can be distributed to the grid if it is not needed by the on-site loads.
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